Civilization and culture play a major role in the process of history. The term "civilization" originated from France in the 18th century and was gradually adopted by European countries. When human society became classed, it changed the foundations of culture.
By civilization, they mean to find solutions to material problems through it, and generally they mean the training of mind and consciousness or can also say that it is the formation of character spiritually.
When human society became classed, it changed the foundations of culture. Historians first wrote the culture of the elite as 'Great Culture' and the culture of the masses as 'Little Culture'. Later these terms were changed to "high culture" and "popular culture". High culture belonged to the elite and popular culture belonged to the masses. There is also a debate among historians whether the dominant culture influenced the popular culture or the common popular culture influenced the dominant culture or these two cultures were always separated and was there harmony between them?
In the 18th century AD, the search for public culture began in European countries. There were political and social reasons for this. Europe was deeply influenced by industrialists and French revolutionaries. The French Revolution fostered the spirit of equality while the Industrial Revolution created inequality. Therefore, the society was in conflict between these two conflicting ideas.
In addition, Christendom was divided into Catholic and Protestant sects. Germany in particular was divided into several states and its intellectuals wanted to preserve its unity through the German language and history. In this situation, popular culture needed to be explored. Because through it, the European nations wanted to heal their wounds, which were caused by civil wars and internecine wars.
It originated in Germany by the Grimm brothers and the philosopher Gottfried Herder. The Grimm brothers explored folk literature and collected related songs, stories, proverbs and proverbs. He not only enriched the German language but also brought back its lost history
On this topic, Peterberg has discussed his book in "bookplay culture, in Early Europe". According to its research, the popular cultures found in the daily life of the people. Common people include farmers, laborers, mining, masonry, mosa, jurchase, trader, iron, carpentry etc. Since the women lived in the houses and their own world. Therefore, their songs, stories and their experiences include their experiences. Peterberg also has indicated that the initial era of festivals, rituals, dancing and music include the effects of pagan before the Christianity. That is, we get a sequence. For example, on the past, the phenomenon was a religious festival of December, which was later given to the Christmas form. After Christmas, people celebrated Carnival, in which the assembly used to sing and dance and checked by the masks on the faces. In this, women and men were equally equal to the people of the elite. Sometimes there were also riots in the carnival. The people used to express their emotions in the theater and the drainage. In the village villages, they were in the open field, while the cities were played on the border of the river on the market. Through these dramas, ordinary people did not prove to be a believer from their own and religion, but also used to do the people on the ruling classes. The places of mutual people in the villages and cities used to be wine, the budget and the bowl, where people used to sing and dance together. People used to comment on the situation in these confems. When people came to political consciousness, these public places were also criticized on the ruling classes. Hoys and wallets were also in the popular general culture songs and stories. The ruler, whose attitude was better with the people, they used to add Adha, Mercy, Fatal and the Creator. His heroes included winners, fighters and daughters. In some cases, the famous robbets also took the hero's status. Those people who used to express hatred, they were the people of interest, lawyer, court judiciary, doctors and servants of royal, which exploited them and wronged, especially due to payment of taxes. His festivals were not only celebrated by the religious but seasons, and joined the song on the occasions, dance, drinking alcohol, and excellent food. By the eighteenth century, people of elite used to join with the public but began to create a difference during the seventh century. People of elite began to be educated and their culture started to rank the literature and rashors. His residence was lyhel, where no longer was the people of the people. His clothing was precious, their music, art, dance and theater were made. His language went to the pure and the ninety-eight. Even in some countries the ruler class was not the language of the public. Due to this, there was a distance between the two clubs. In the eyes of the gradual classes, the people were read, ignorant and tambles, in their view, the people were falling from humanity.
The Church also propagated against this popular culture. In their view, their songs and dances were obscene and because of these activities they were moving away from religion. Even the middle class, which had become educated, did not respect the people and their culture. These two trends separated elite and popular culture.
But it was only in the eighteenth century, when the nation-state was founded in Europe and nationalist sentiments arose, that intellectuals and politicians felt the need to bring back the rejected and forgotten popular culture, to bring together the disintegrated components of the nation. Give them your identity
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